Turkey - ISCED 5A, 5B

Beginning of the academic year: Universities are autonomous. Fall Semester begins generally in September or October, and Spring Semester in February.

Teaching activities and holiday periods: Universities are free to determine their own periods of teaching activity. But as a rule, each academic year is composed of two semesters and each semester includes at least 14 weeks. Universities may offer summer schools for those who fail classes during regular semesters and who would like to take classes from next academic semester.

Examinations: Universities fix the examination dates by themselves. The number of mid-term exams is decided either by the University senate, or by the board of each faculty. In addition to the mid-term exams, there is a final exam for each particular course at the end of each semester. The examination period for final exams generally starts either right after or one week after the end of the semester. It takes two or three weeks on average. For those who take classes annually, they take one or two midterms and a final exam a year.

End of the academic year: Universities are autonomous. In general, Fall Semester ends in December and Spring Semester in May or June. As for summer semesters, they begin at the end of June and finish in the middle of August.